Here's some information about the use of surnames in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice:
In Pride and Prejudice, surnames are highly significant in establishing a character's social standing and family connections. The landed gentry, like the Bennets and the Bingleys, are referred to primarily by their surnames, emphasizing their position and lineage within the community. For instance, the character <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Mr.%20Bennet">Mr. Bennet</a> is almost always called by his last name. This highlights his social rank as head of his family and a landowner.
Characters with noble titles, like <a href="https://www.wikiwhat.page/kavramlar/Lady%20Catherine%20de%20Bourgh">Lady Catherine de Bourgh</a>, use their title to indicate their superior social status. First names are typically reserved for close family and friends or used to indicate a lower social standing. Inferiors address superiors with their title and surname, demonstrating deference.
The distinction in how characters are addressed reveals the rigid social hierarchy of the time. Using surnames consistently reinforces the importance of family name, property, and social connections in determining one's place within society. The absence of a surname, or using only a first name, often signals a character's lower social status or familiarity.
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